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AI Researchers Present “Average Gradient Outer Product (AGOP)” to Explain how Neural Networks Learn

AI scientists have proposed a new mathematical technique to explain how Neural Networks learn relevant features or patterns in data. Considered the “black box” of machine learning, AI neural networks can expand the range of innovations and applications in different areas. AI engineers are struggling with the complexities associated with advanced NN architectures, including those related to LLMs and GPTs, cognitive intelligence, and convolutional networks. To ease the difficulty in AI training, researchers Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan, Daniel Beaglehole, Parthe Pandit, and Mikhail Belkin presented “Average Gradient Outer Product” or AGOP, that characterized feature learning in neural networks. AGOP is a unifying mathematical mechanism that establishes the core fundamentals explaining how Neural Networks learn from the general ML models.

The team of Data and Computer scientists at the University of California San Diego developed AGOP to reduce the dependence on backpropagation algorithms. It refines the statistical mathematical models that describe how neural networks learn in a GPT or LLM environment. With AGOP, ML engineers can reduce biases and over-fitting or corrections of Predictive models.

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Neural Networks consist of interconnected units called artificial neurons that transmit signals through “edges” mimicking neuron synapses in a biological brain. With training, these neuron synapses (neuron edges) begin to progress in their learning. These are assigned ‘weights’ that increase or decrease with training— that’s how neural networks learn. In machine learning, artificial neural networks learn through different statistical methods in a supervised or optimized environment. For instance, Empirical Risk Minimization is a popular ML training method for predictive analytics. Similarly, backpropagation is used in supervised learning algorithms for training advanced ANN tools for speech recognition, voice synthesis, NLP, machine vision, automation, and bots.

In recent years, AI researchers have accelerated their efforts toward developing self-learning Artificial Neural Networks. These efforts would help democratize AI applications, enabling users with predictive insights for simple and complex tasks.

Modern Applications of Neural Networks

Why is it important for us to understand how Neural Networks learn from a data set? Since the launch of ChatGPT-3, the world of AI ML has drastically changed. It has tipped the pointer in favor of hardcore NLP and ANN developers building new applications for financial services organizations, healthcare providers, Web 3.0 creators, cloud cybersecurity, and data storage infrastructure companies. Modern applications of Neural Networks that are worth mentioning are listed below:

Medical image classification

Neural networks are used in medical image classification for the analysis of clinical assets such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, Mammograms, Doppler, and others. AI capabilities in medical image analysis substantially improve diagnostic speed, accuracy, and disease monitoring efficacy. With AGOP, we can expect further advancement of AI ML techniques for medical image classification soon.

At AiThority.com, our analysts have covered this top, featuring AI innovations and research by Aidoc, Nucleai, CLARA Analytics, Clarifai, and MySense AI.

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Real-time Bidding

Real-time bidding in digital advertising uses reinforcement learning. Artificial neural networks (ANN) influence the performance of programmatic advertising inventories with RTB. Today, advertisers can use AI-powered RTB software to predict the buyer’s exact requirements and future needs. In addition to predictive intelligence on the buying propensity, adtech players also use RTB software with ANN capabilities for hyper-personalization, content marketing, ad performance tracking, ad fraud detection, IVT measurement, and automation.

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Quantitive Finance

Financial data analysts should learn how neural networks learn for quantitative finance management. Advanced AI ML techniques applied to quantitative finance help analysts predict and view hidden patterns in financial data. Time Series predictions, search progression, resource allocation, risk management, fraud detection, KYC management, video-based sentiment analysis, social media listening, and chat automation are some of the important applications of ANN in quantitative finance.

Other important industrial applications of artificial neural networks are:

  • Marketing Automation
  • Sales Intelligence
  • Energy Management
  • Industrial Automation (IA)
  • Robotics / Robot control
  • Material science
  • 3D printing

Conclusion

As we cover more LLMs and deep learning inventions, we will garner better clarity on the future of ANNs and how neural networks learn from diverse data sets and patterns. LLMs would expand into advanced neural networks, layered with self-learning cognitive intelligence, serving a wide range of AI applications in chatbots, assistants, robotics, augmentative intelligence, and automation.

[To share your insights with us as part of editorial or sponsored content, please write to sghosh@martechseries.com]

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