First ever demonstration of large-scale coherence in quantum annealers, further exploiting coherent dynamics in quantum optimization, machine learning, and simulation tasks
D-Wave Quantum , a leader in quantum computing systems, software, and services—and the only provider building both annealing and gate-model quantum computers, published a peer-reviewed milestone study of the first large-scale demonstration of coherent quantum annealing. The research exhibits, for the first time, dynamics of a quantum phase transition in a large-scale programmable quantum annealing processor using up to 2000 qubits in a D-Wave processor. This demonstration goes beyond the scale of any previous programmable quantum phase transition, opening the door to simulations of exotic phases of matter (unusual states of matter, outside of liquid, solid or gas, that make up the universe) that would otherwise be intractable.
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“Ongoing advances in coherence times are an important priority for both our annealing and gate-model programs. The demonstration of large-scale coherence is another step towards demonstrating practical quantum advantage, and today’s research is a significant step towards that milestone.”
The paper—a collaboration between scientists from D-Wave, the University of Southern California, the Tokyo Institute of Technology, and Saitama Medical University—entitled “Coherent quantum annealing in a programmable 2000-qubit Ising chain,” was published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Physics today and is available here. The study shows that the fully programmable D-Wave quantum processor can be used as an accurate simulator of coherent quantum dynamics at large scales. This was demonstrated showing the patterns of “kinks” separating correlated spins in almost perfect agreement with exact analytical solutions of the famous Schrodinger equation for an ideal quantum system, completely isolated from outside noise. The density and spacing of kinks depend on, among other things, the speed and “quantumness” of the experiment. Measurements of single-qubit parameters were shown to accurately predict the behavior of systems from 8 to 2000 qubits, demonstrating high levels of control in quantum simulations at all scales.
“Essentially, these experiments measured the D-Wave processor against a very well-understood quantum yardstick,” said Dr. Andrew King, Director of Performance Research at D-Wave. “We found excellent agreement between theory and experiment, and that gives us a lot of confidence in our ability to manipulate programmable quantum systems, both for optimization applications and for exotic quantum simulations.”
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“By examining quantum dynamics on a much shorter timescale than previously thought possible using D-Wave’s quantum annealers, this experiment demonstrates that these devices can operate without any discernible impact from the external environment. This opens the door to quantum simulations of models that are too large and complex to be simulated by any other means currently available,” said Daniel Lidar, Viterbi Professor of Engineering and Director of the USC Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology, University of Southern California.
“This paper paves the way toward practical quantum simulations of considerable scale unexplorable by other means including classical computations,” said Hidetoshi Nishimori, Professor, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
“Coherence is the holy grail of quantum computing. By simulating a closed quantum system with no thermal effects at a large scale, we can glean invaluable insights into our processors’ computational power and thus increase the ability to find high quality solutions for our customers,” said Alan Baratz, CEO of D-Wave. “Ongoing advances in coherence times are an important priority for both our annealing and gate-model programs. The demonstration of large-scale coherence is another step towards demonstrating practical quantum advantage, and today’s research is a significant step towards that milestone.”
The significance of this achievement goes beyond the basic scientific aspect of understanding quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional matter. By establishing the technical basis for large-scale quantum simulations, it has paved the way for scientifically understanding the properties of a wider range of quantum materials.
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